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Articles

Vol. 35 (2023)

Bead Color Symbolism and Colonialism in the Mohawk Valley during the Late 17th Century

Submitted
February 27, 2025
Published
July 7, 2025

Abstract

Scholarship has long recognized the significance of glass beads in post-Columbian North America. For Northeastern Native Americans, beads were relationally entangled within sociopolitical relationships and the spiritual world. In the Mohawk Valley of eastern New York state, bead types and colors have been useful temporal markers, but their social and spiritual significance has received less attention. This paper seeks to address the metaphysical significance of glass beads from the Veeder (Fda-2) site, a late 17th-century Mohawk village in eastern New York state. Through the interpretation of color symbolism, the Veeder bead assemblage can be contextualized alongside multi-scalar phenomena such as colonialism, disease, warfare, and the large-scale emigration of Catholic Mohawks. Indeed, the selection of specific bead colors can shed light on the villages’ inhabitants state of being and provide a way to further understand the intersection of colonialism and Native American interaction.